The goal is to figure out how to color the nodes of some network (or graph, as mathematicians call them) so that no two connected nodes share the same color. Depending on the context, such a coloring ...

the coloring is called “proper.” Thus, in the language of graph theory, solving a sudoku means extending a partial coloring of the graph into a proper coloring. Herzberg and Murty used ...

any map can be colored using only four colors so that no two adjacent countries have the same color. The exact sizes and shapes of the countries don’t matter, so mathematicians can translate the ...

But in theory, there is no guarantee ... the algorithm studies the connections of each node in the graph and assigns it a ...