Take as an example the changes we forced on wolves ... In the last 20 years we have gone further by modifying the genetic programming of organisms directly. Access to the genetic program gives ...

The diversity of natural mechanisms for generating liver and pancreas progenitors is anticipated to enable flexibility in programming liver and pancreas cells (for example, hepatocytes and insulin ...

Using this representation, a genetic-programming system ‘mutates’ a program by randomly changing one node in the tree to a different value (Fig. 1a). For example, a mutation might replace a ...

This space is then searched using genetic programming, to discover models which best fit the experimental data. Whilst the examples are from psychology, the method could in principle be applied to ...

The DNA regions they identified as important occupy less than 0.3% of the genome, but they explain a disproportionately large share of the genetic influence on blood cell features and specialization.