Penn State researchers have uncovered a surprising twist in a foundational chemical reaction known as oxidative addition.

Speeding up chemical reactions is key to improving industrial processes or mitigating unwanted or harmful waste. Realizing ...

An electron from a new atom would have to join an atom in the H 2 molecule on the next energy level, further from the nucleus where it would not feel a strong enough attraction. An electron from an ...

Since it has 1 more electron than protons, chlorine has a charge of –1, making it a negative ion. When ions form, atoms gain or lose electrons until their outer energy level is full. For example, when ...

Scientists have succeeded in unraveling the mystery of the ‘electron tunneling’ process for the first time. The feat, a core ...

In the process of an electron transition, the charge, ... The physical source of life is located in the gap between the energy levels of a valence electron in a molecule.

A team of Penn State researchers has found that a fundamental reaction in transition metal chemistry, called oxidative addition, can follow a different path to achieve the same ends.

However, the energy level structure (i.e., the electronic transitions taking place) responsible for luminescence, a crucial factor for understanding the origin of color centers, was completely ...