Gestational edema occurs in late pregnancy secondary to increased venous congestion in the legs caused by pressure exerted mechanically by the uterus onto the inferior vena cava and iliac veins.

Data from [306]. Macular edema Thickening of retina at or within 1 DD of center of macula, or Exudates within 1 DD of center of macula with associated retinal thickening Clinically significant ...