A look at the Nyquist sampling theorem. ... With input V IN set to 0 V, the block diagram of the modulator loop can be rearranged as shown in Figure 8a and used for NTF representation.

The process of reducing the sampling rate by a factor of 3 is shown in Figure 12-1. The corresponding spectral plots for x (n), w (n), and y (m) in general are shown in Figure 12-2. Figure 12-1. Block ...