This change reflects new evidence that infants don't typically develop bilirubin neurotoxicity until the total serum bilirubin (TSB) reaches levels well above the previous exchange transfusion ...

The occasional complications of exchange transfusion, such as portal-vein thrombosis, infection, congestive heart failure and unexplained death during the procedure, are well known, and a method ...

Phototherapy and exchange transfusion resulted in the virtual disappearance of kernicterus until the early 1990s when questions were raised regarding possible "overtreatment" of elevated bilirubin ...