When a PID controller is used on a process that has dead time (and all have some!), the closed-loop response has a resonant frequency at which it will amplify variability with frequency components ...

Just over a decade ago, an article titled, "Advanced Control Strategies Move into the Field" (Control, October 2008), highlighted three evolving trends in the process control ... on the lowly flow ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control ... of a PID loop and how it should be tuned for each process ...