1, “PB” stands for pushbutton,”and “CR” stands for control relay. “L1” is a light, and “M1” is a motor. Fig. 1. Note how this electrical diagram resembles the shape of a ladder with two separate rails ...

In this quick Arduino tutorial I will explain how you can control a relay using the Arduino Board, one 1K and one 10K resistors, 1 BC547 transistor, one 6V or 12V relay, one 1N4007 diode and a 12V fan ...

On the surface, a programmable logic controller (PLC ... device built under these specifications will be recognizable to control engineers and maintenance personnel worldwide.

The Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer capable of running full-fledged Linux distributions such as Raspberry Pi OS, ...

To operate the transmitter, and especially to accommodate the vacuum-tube amplifier, older transmitters use relay logic, more typically known in broadcast engineering as a control ladder. Essentially ...

If your usual tools are the Arduino and the Raspberry ... you may find ladder logic a little frustrating. Originally, it was a documentation tool for relay logic but has grown to handle modern ...