and chest in the upper body to the heart. The IVC is formed by the merging of the right and left common iliac veins. These veins come together in the abdomen, carrying blood from the lower limbs.

The venous anatomy of the lower leg is made up of two axial systems, a superficial and a deep venous system. The superficial ... the profunda femoris vein drains the upper leg and serves as ...

The complex variations in venous anatomy ... lower extremity communicate via communicating and perforating veins. The direction of flow is normally from the superficial to the deep system aided ...